Cardiology relies on an array of advanced diagnostic techniques to uncover abnormalities and diagnose various cardiac conditions. From non-invasive tests like echocardiograms and stress tests to cutting-edge catheter-based procedures, these techniques offer a comprehensive view of heart health. Early and accurate diagnosis plays a pivotal role in guiding treatment decisions, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and improving overall heart wellness.
Cardiac imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosing and evaluating heart conditions through visualising heart structures. Some key methods include:
This ultrasound-based imaging technique creates real-time images of the heart's structure and function, helping diagnose conditions like valve disorders, heart failure, and congenital heart defects.
Cardiac MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) provides detailed images of the heart, allowing for the assessment of cardiac anatomy, function, and blood flow. It aids in diagnosing conditions such as heart muscle disorders and congenital heart diseases.
Cardiac CT angiography uses computed tomography to visualise the coronary arteries, detecting blockages or narrowing that can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart attacks.
Laboratory tests in cardiology focus on specific markers and parameters to assess heart health, including:
These tests examine special proteins in the blood, like troponin and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). When someone has a heart attack, these proteins can increase in the blood, helping doctors confirm if a heart attack has occurred.
Biomarkers are like little signals in the blood that can tell doctors about heart problems. For instance, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are biomarkers that indicate if someone has heart failure.
Lipid panels measure cholesterol levels and are used to assess the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
Measuring electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium) can identify imbalances that affect heart function.
Cardiology-specific diagnostic procedures include:
ECG records the heart's electrical activity, aiding in diagnosing arrhythmias, heart attacks, and conduction abnormalities.
Stress tests, such as exercise stress tests and pharmacological stress tests, evaluate heart function during physical exertion and help diagnose CAD.
This invasive procedure involves threading a catheter through blood vessels to assess coronary artery blockages and perform interventions like angioplasty and stent placement.
TEE uses a specialised probe inserted into the oesophagus to obtain high-resolution images of the heart's structure, valves, and function.
Holter monitors record continuous ECG data over 24-48 hours, helping diagnose intermittent arrhythmias and other cardiac issues.
These specialised diagnostic techniques like holter monitoring in cardiology are vital for accurately diagnosing and managing a wide range of heart-related conditions, ensuring appropriate treatment and care for patients.